vue如何生成公钥私钥

在Vue中生成公钥和私钥可以通过使用Web Cryptography API。 具体步骤如下：1、使用SubtleCrypto接口生成密钥对；2、将生成的密钥导出为可存储和传输的格式；3、根据需要使用生成的密钥对进行加密和解密操作。下面将详细介绍每个步骤。

一、生成密钥对

在Vue项目中，可以通过Web Cryptography API中的generateKey方法生成密钥对。以下是具体代码：

const generateKeyPair = async () => {
  const keyPair = await window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
      modulusLength: 2048,
      publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
      hash: "SHA-256",
    },
    true,
    ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
  );
  return keyPair;
};

这个函数生成一个2048位的RSA密钥对，使用SHA-256进行哈希，生成的密钥对可以用于加密和解密操作。

二、导出密钥

生成密钥对后，下一步是将其导出为可存储和传输的格式。可以使用exportKey方法实现：

const exportKey = async (key) => {
  const exported = await window.crypto.subtle.exportKey(
    "spki", // "spki" for public key, "pkcs8" for private key
    key
  );
  return exported;
};
const exportKeyPair = async (keyPair) => {
  const publicKey = await exportKey(keyPair.publicKey);
  const privateKey = await exportKey(keyPair.privateKey);
  return { publicKey, privateKey };
};

这个函数将生成的公钥导出为SPKI格式，私钥导出为PKCS8格式。导出的密钥可以存储为ArrayBuffer，然后根据需要进行编码，如Base64。

三、编码密钥

为了便于存储和传输，可以将ArrayBuffer格式的密钥转换为Base64字符串：

const arrayBufferToBase64 = (buffer) => {
  let binary = '';
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(buffer);
  const len = bytes.byteLength;
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
  }
  return window.btoa(binary);
};
const encodeKeyPair = async (keyPair) => {
  const exportedKeys = await exportKeyPair(keyPair);
  const publicKeyBase64 = arrayBufferToBase64(exportedKeys.publicKey);
  const privateKeyBase64 = arrayBufferToBase64(exportedKeys.privateKey);
  return { publicKey: publicKeyBase64, privateKey: privateKeyBase64 };
};

这个函数将导出的ArrayBuffer格式的密钥转换为Base64字符串格式，以便于存储和传输。

四、使用密钥进行加密和解密

生成并编码密钥后，可以使用它们进行加密和解密操作：

const encryptData = async (publicKey, data) => {
  const encodedData = new TextEncoder().encode(data);
  const encrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
    },
    publicKey,
    encodedData
  );
  return encrypted;
};
const decryptData = async (privateKey, encryptedData) => {
  const decrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.decrypt(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
    },
    privateKey,
    encryptedData
  );
  const decodedData = new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted);
  return decodedData;
};

这些函数使用生成的密钥对数据进行加密和解密。

五、完整示例代码

结合上述步骤，以下是一个完整的示例代码：

const generateKeyPair = async () => {
  const keyPair = await window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
      modulusLength: 2048,
      publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
      hash: "SHA-256",
    },
    true,
    ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
  );
  return keyPair;
};
const exportKey = async (key) => {
  const exported = await window.crypto.subtle.exportKey(
    "spki", // "spki" for public key, "pkcs8" for private key
    key
  );
  return exported;
};
const exportKeyPair = async (keyPair) => {
  const publicKey = await exportKey(keyPair.publicKey);
  const privateKey = await exportKey(keyPair.privateKey);
  return { publicKey, privateKey };
};
const arrayBufferToBase64 = (buffer) => {
  let binary = '';
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(buffer);
  const len = bytes.byteLength;
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
  }
  return window.btoa(binary);
};
const encodeKeyPair = async (keyPair) => {
  const exportedKeys = await exportKeyPair(keyPair);
  const publicKeyBase64 = arrayBufferToBase64(exportedKeys.publicKey);
  const privateKeyBase64 = arrayBufferToBase64(exportedKeys.privateKey);
  return { publicKey: publicKeyBase64, privateKey: privateKeyBase64 };
};
const encryptData = async (publicKey, data) => {
  const encodedData = new TextEncoder().encode(data);
  const encrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
    },
    publicKey,
    encodedData
  );
  return encrypted;
};
const decryptData = async (privateKey, encryptedData) => {
  const decrypted = await window.crypto.subtle.decrypt(
    {
      name: "RSA-OAEP",
    },
    privateKey,
    encryptedData
  );
  const decodedData = new TextDecoder().decode(decrypted);
  return decodedData;
};
// Usage example
const main = async () => {
  const keyPair = await generateKeyPair();
  const encodedKeys = await encodeKeyPair(keyPair);
  console.log("Public Key:", encodedKeys.publicKey);
  console.log("Private Key:", encodedKeys.privateKey);
  const data = "Hello, World!";
  const encryptedData = await encryptData(keyPair.publicKey, data);
  const decryptedData = await decryptData(keyPair.privateKey, encryptedData);
  console.log("Encrypted Data:", new Uint8Array(encryptedData));
  console.log("Decrypted Data:", decryptedData);
};
main();

总结与建议

在Vue项目中生成公钥和私钥并进行加密和解密操作并不复杂。通过使用Web Cryptography API，你可以确保数据的安全性。关键步骤包括生成密钥对、导出和编码密钥以及使用密钥进行加密和解密。建议在实际应用中，确保密钥的安全存储和管理，并根据具体需求选择合适的加密算法和参数。