编程通常由四种基本结构组成:1、顺序结构、2、选择结构、3、循环结构和4、子程序(函数)结构。在这四种结构中,选择结构使得程序能够根据条件判断执行不同的代码路径。例如,假设需要编写程序解决一个简单的数学问题,如计算一个数是否为素数。在这个任务中,程序必须遍历所有小于数本身的整数,检查是否可以整除该数,这就需要使用选择结构来判断找到一个可整除的数后如何处理。
I. 顺序结构
Programs start with the most straightforward structure, the sequential structure, which is the foundation of programming. It refers to the execution of code statements one after the other in the order they are written.
II. 选择结构
The selection structure provides branching paths in a program. It evaluates a condition and sub sequentially directs the workflow according to the result – true or false, using constructs such as IF, ELSE, and SWITCH-CASE statements.
III. 循环结构
Another critical structure is the loop structure, which repeats a sequence of statements until a certain condition is met. Common examples include FOR, WHILE, and DO-WHILE loops that iterate over collections or execute code fragments multiple times.
IV. 子程序(函数)结构
Finally, the subroutine (function) structure enhances modularity and reusability by encapsulating code into callable and reusable blocks. Functions enable programmers to segment logic, reduce redundancy, and simplify complex tasks into manageable chunks.
Complex programs are typically built from combining these fundamental structures in various ways, layering them to create intricate and functional software. The synergy between these structures is guided by algorithms, which are sets of instructions to solve specific problems or perform tasks. As software becomes more complicated, developers also rely on principles like object-oriented programming, which can be conceived as an extension and organization of these basic building blocks.
相关问答FAQs:
编程通常由以下几个结构组成:
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顺序结构:顺序结构是编程中最基本的结构,指的是按照代码的语句顺序依次执行。代码会从上到下逐行执行,一行执行完毕才会执行下一行。
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选择结构:选择结构用于根据条件的真假来选择执行不同的代码块。其中最常见的选择结构是
if
语句。如果条件为真,则执行条件成立的代码块,否则执行条件不成立的代码块。 -
循环结构:循环结构用于反复执行一段代码,直到满足指定条件为止。最常见的循环结构是
for
循环和while
循环。for
循环根据计数器的变化来控制循环次数,而while
循环则根据条件的真假来决定是否继续执行循环。 -
函数结构:函数结构是将一段逻辑封装成可重复使用的代码块。通过定义函数,可以通过函数名来调用该代码块,从而提高代码的可维护性和复用性。
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数据结构:数据结构是编程中用来组织和存储数据的方式。常见的数据结构包括数组、链表、栈、队列、树等。选择合适的数据结构可以提高程序的效率和性能。
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面向对象结构:面向对象结构是一种将数据和处理数据的方法封装在一起的编程方式。通过定义类和对象的方式来描述现实世界中的事物,从而提高代码的可读性、可维护性和复用性。
上述结构是编程中最基本且常见的结构,通过灵活的组合和运用,可以构建出逻辑清晰、功能强大的程序。
文章标题:编程有什么结构组成的,发布者:飞飞,转载请注明出处:https://worktile.com/kb/p/2135425